This study aimed to describe the types of social criticism in Mahfud Ikhwan's
Kambing dan Hujan novel as sociology of literature study. This study used the
sociology of literature approach. The object of study was the issue of social
criticism in Kambing dan Hujan novel by Mahfud Ikhwan. The data in this study
were texts or paragraphs that indicated social criticism problems in Mahfud
Ikhwan's Kambing dan Hujan novel, while the source of data in this study was
Mahfud Ikhwan's novel published by (PT Bentang Pustaka) in 2015 totaling 373
pages. The results of this study were the types of social criticism, among others 1)
religion criticism namely the unbelief of spirits and supernatural beings, shirk,
the belief of superstition, the smoking law critics, the use of Islamic skullcap
(Kopiah), inappropriate procedures of Friday prayer, the implementation of two
Friday prayers, the absence of unity in kindness and piety, false beliefs,
intolerance of belief and difference, different beliefs, acts of taqlid; (2) economic
criticism, namely improper profit-seeking methods, poverty; (3) political
criticism, namely good political activities, so it did not need to be criticized; (4)
educational criticism, namely uneven education, the lack of teaching staff,
obstruction of education; (5) moral criticism, namely disgraceful behavior,
human arrogance, lack of silaturahmi; (6) family criticism, namely the lack of
socialization, differences of opinion, powerlessness; and (7) cultural criticism,
namely good cultural activities described in the novel, so it did not need to be
criticized.