This study aimed to describe the types and forms of referential markers in the
criminal news discourse in Kompas. It was a qualitative descriptive research. The
data in this study was a criminal news discourse on February 2018. The data of
this study were quotations mentioned in the news. There were 74 citations
containing the types and forms of referential markers. This study used three
methods and research techniques, namely methods and techniques of providing
data consisting of reading method, methods and techniques of analyzing data
consisting of identity method and distributional method, method and technique of
data presentation in which there was an informal presentation method. Informal
presentation method was a presentation of the data analysis results by
formulating the use of words based on referential marker types. The results of this
study were types and forms of referential markers. The type of referential markers
based on the reference was divided into two, namely endophora and exophora.
Endophora based on the direction of the reference were divided into two, namely
anaphora and cataphora. The forms of anaphora were me, we, he, she, they, this,
that, here, there, there, that is, that's way. Whereas the forms of the cataphora
were me, us, and like. The lingual unit types were personal references (the first
personal reference and the third personal reference). The forms of the first
personal reference were I and we. Whereas the forms of the third personal
reference were he, she, and they. Demonstrative reference (demonstrative
pronoun, locator pronoun, reference pronoun, and adverbial pronoun). The forms
of the referential marker of the demonstrative pronoun were this and that. The
forms of the locator pronoun were here, there, and over there. The forms of the
referential marker were that and so. While the form of adverbial referential
marker was that is. Comparative reference (equative level, comparative level,
superlative level). The form of the equative level was as like. The form of the
comparative level was more. Whereas the form of the superlative level was the
most.