This research was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Sumbang with the aim of knowing the form of learning difficulties in mathematics and analyzing the factors that cause difficulties in learning mathematics in the application material of fractions. This was due to the lack of student interest in participating in the mathematics learning process. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research method. The subject of this research is the teacher for fourth grade B. Observation, interviews and documentation were the instruments used to collect data. The data analysis technique used Miles and Huberman. The validity test of the data used data triangulation. The findings show that one of the most common types of learning problems in mathematics is the inability to recognize and understand symbols. This occurred because students did not understand mathematical symbols. In addition, the factors that influence students' mathematics learning difficulties are internal factors and external factors. Students' lack of enthusiasm in participating in the learning process is one internal factor that affected their mathematical academic problems. This rendered students unable to tackle challenges asked by the teacher in the form of story questions. Family and school factors were external factors that affected students' mathematics learning difficulties.